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European Union (EU) intends to significantly reduce the CO2 emissions in the following decades. To do this, the use of
fossil fuels in all sectors and particularly in power sector will be continuously reduced and replaced with renewable
energy sources. Such transition depends on proper electrical energy storage (EES) technology for renewable energy
management in order to handle the varying solar and wind generated electricity. So far only redox flow batteries (RFB)
show potential for renewable energy management because of: i) scalability between storage capacity and power; ii)
short response time; iii) good cycling capability, iv) long discharge time and v) low cost potential. The use of state-ofthe-
art metal based RFBs is limited by their relatively high costs that inherently are linked to the relatively low current
and energy density. Recently a breakthrough in RFB technology has been reported, high current densities are achieved1
in a RFB based on organic-halide electrolytes. Organic-halide RFB can store electricity at almost ten times lower life
cycle cost compared to metal based RFB, due to increased current density and lower electrolyte costs. One of the
objectives of the current proposal is to investigate feasibility and stability of organic-halide RFB. The main goal of the
fellowship is to build All Organic RFB by replacing the halide part (Br2) with less hazardous and low cost organic
electrolytes which have extremely fast redox reactions, i.e. electrolytes based on TEMPO ((2,2,6,6-
Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxy) and AQDS (AnthraQuinone Di-Sulphonic acid) and modifications of these molecules.
Some of the proposed electrolytes are not commercially available and will be synthesized. Nanoporous films and anion
exchange membranes will be considered as an alternative to expensive proton conductive membrane-Nafion. All
Organic RFBs show great potential for low cost EES and could facilitate EU transition to low carbon
emission/renewable energy based economy.
Short description of the task performed by Croatian partner
Emil Drazevic is currently employed at Aarhus University, Department of Engineering. Marie Curie Sklodowska Actions is fully covering his salary and part of his research costs. His main task and responsibilities are: (i) screening and synthesis of organic electrolytes (ii) redox flow battery tests and cell optimization (iii) theoretical screening of various organic electrolytes that are fairly water soluble, chemically stable in water and have a redox potential around to 1 V vs SHE at pH=0. He is also supervising a new research in solid state batteries based on organic electrolytes. The aim is to develop a highly stable and cyclable "green battery" comprised of organics containing only C, H and O atoms, i.e. electrolytes that can be safely burned after their use. The purpose of all organic solid state batteries is not to replace Li-ion battery but to provide alternatives for Lead-acid, Ni/Ni hydride and Ni/Cd solid state batteries.